![]() The Western Bloc was led by the US and other First World (developed) nations, generally liberal democratic but tied to a network of authoritarian states, mostly their former colonies. These conflicts were driven by the ideological (the Western Bloc’s capitalism and the Eastern Bloc’s communism) and geopolitical struggle for global influence.ĪLSO READ: The story behind Ukraine’s separatist regions | Explainer HOW WAS IT THEN FOUGHT?Īside from occasional nuclear arsenal and conventional military deployment, the power struggle chiefly involved indirect means such as psychological warfare, propaganda campaigns, espionage, far-reaching embargoes, unhealthy rivalry at sporting events and technological competitions such as the space race, besides the arms race. The Cold War is called so because there was no large-scale, direct fighting between the two superpowers, but they got into major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The NAM again moved closer to the Soviet camp once the movement decided in 1972 to award representation both to the exiled Sihanouk, who lived in Communist China and was allied to Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge, and to the Communist insurgents in South Vietnam.The period is generally believed to span the 1947 Truman Doctrine (President Harry S Truman established that the US would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces) until the 1991 disintegration of the Soviet Union. Finally, the overthrow of Cambodia's Prince Sihanouk in 1970 split the movement over the question of that country's standing. ![]() The war in the Middle East in June 1967 brought the NAM close to an association with the Soviet bloc-at least until the Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia the following year. Nuclear disarmament issues imposed themselves the day before that conference, with Nikita Khrushchev's sudden announcement that the USSR would resume nuclear testing. East Germany's attempt to manipulate it started with the so-called construction of the Berlin Wall less than a month before the first NAM conference in Belgrade. During the movement's first dozen years (1961–1973), four Cold War developments shaped its agenda and political orientation. ![]() The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) tried to transcend the Cold War, but the NAM ended up as one of the Cold War's chief victims. ![]()
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